Data representation

Computers store bits. Python hides most of that, but "10" (text) is not 10 (an integer), and bin(10) shows the bits of ten.

Integers have bits

for n in range(0, 9):
    print(n, bin(n), n.bit_length())

bin(5) is '0b101'. bit_length() is how many bits you need for that integer (zero is a special case: 0.bit_length() is 0).

Text is not a number

text = "10"
number = 10
print(text, type(text))
print(number, type(number))
print(int(text) + 1)
print(str(number) + " kiosks")

Characters

print(ord("A"), chr(65))
print(ord("N"))
for ch in "Nairobi"[:3]:
    print(ch, ord(ch))

A string is a sequence of code points. The city name "Nairobi" is not stored as one magic atom — it is characters in order.